Gene Networks Database
Gene Networks Database
CyIIIb regulatory region
LOCUS Rr_SPCYIIIB 2174 bp DNA INV 13-MAY-1998
DEFINITION S.purpuratus cytoskeletal actin CyIIIb gene, regulatory region.
KEYWORDS cytoskeletal actin CyIIIb.
SOURCE S.purpuratus DNA, clone pSpG11A.
ORGANISM Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Eukaryotae; mitochondrial eukaryotes; Metazoa; Echinodermata;
Echinozoa; Echinoidea; Euechinoidea; Echinacea; Echinoida;
Strongylocentrotidae; Strongylocentrotus.
REFERENCE 1 (sequences)
AUTHORS Durica,D.S., Garza,D., Restrepo,M.A. and Hryniewicz,M.M.
TITLE DNA sequence analysis and structural relationships among the
cytoskeletal actin genes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus
JOURNAL J. Mol. Evol. 28, 72-86 (1988)
MEDLINE 89178741
REFERENCE 2 (upstream sites)
AUTHORS Niemeyer,C.C. and Flytzanis,C.N.
TITLE Upstream elements involved in the embryonic regulation of the
sea urchin CyIIIb actin gene: temporal and spatial specific
interactions at a single cis-acting element
JOURNAL Dev. Biol. 156, 293-302 (1993)
MEDLINE 93193980
REFERENCE 3 (sites, protein binding data)
AUTHORS Xu,N., Niemeyer,C.C., Gonzales-Rimbau,M., Bogosian, E.A. and Flytzanis,C.N.
TITLE Distal cis-acting elements restrict expression of the
CyIIIb gene in the aboral ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo
JOURNAL Mech. Dev. 60, 151-162 (1996)
MEDLINE 97177552
REFERENCE 4 (E1 cis-acting element)
AUTHORS Niemeyer, C.C., Foerster-Ziober A. and Flytzanis, C.N.
TITLE Purification of a high-mobility-group 1 sea-urchin protein and
cloning of cDNAs.
JOURNAL Gene 164(2), 211-218 (1995)
MEDLINE 96069585
REFERENCE 5 (sequence)
AUTHORS Flytzanis, C.N., Bogosian, E.A. and Niemeyer, C.C.
TITLE Expression and structure of the CyIIIb actin gene of the sea
urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
JOURNAL Mol. Reprod. Dev.(1), 208-218 (1989)
MEDLINE 90180423
REFERENCE 6 (protein binding data)
AUTHORS Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos, A., Vlahou, A., Vu, D.
and Flytzanis, C. N. (1996).
TITLE A novel sea urchin nuclear receptor encoded by alternatively spliced
maternal RNAs.
JOURNAL Dev. Biol. 177(2): 371-382
MEDLINE 96400441
REFERENCE 7 (protein binding data)
AUTHORS Vlahou, A., Gonzalez-Rimbau, M. and Flytzanis, C. N. (1996).
TITLE Maternal mRNA encoding the orphan steroid receptor SpCOUP-TF is
localized in sea urchin eggs.
JOURNAL Development 122: 521-526
REMARK GeNet staff at the IHC&DB created this entry entirely from the
journal articles. This sequence comes from Fig 2B [5].
COMMENTS Deletional analysis of 5`-regulatory region of the CyIIIb gene
indicated that the sequence up to -2173 is necessary and sufficient
for its wild-type promoter activity. Extensive footprinting and
EMSA analysis of fragments covering the entire upstream region
using embryonic nuclear extracts, identified three regions of
protein-DNA interactions: the proximal promoter, site B (B1 and B2),
and two upstream sites, C1 (composed of C1L and C1R) and E1. The
E1 and C1 elements are involved in promoter regulation [2]. The
interaction between C1R and its binding proteins on one hand prevents
CyIIIb gene from expression in meso/endoderm cells, and on the other
hand, this interaction is essential for the CyIIIb expression in
aboral ectoderm. The two elements, E1 and C1L, are both necessary
for oral ectoderm repression, but function at different developmental
stages. The C1 region is not involved in temporal regulation of CyIIIb.
The E1 element is involved in both spatial and temporal regulation and
is responsible for the late induction at the pluteus stage. The combined
interactions among the three elements and their binding proteins provide
a mechanism that ensures expression of the CyIIIb actin gene exclusively
to aboral ectoderm [3]. The proximal promoter of CyIIIb, and the upstream
sequence to position -170, is extensively homologous to the promoter of its
sister actin gene, CyIIIa, which is linked to CyIIIb.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..2174
/organism="Strongylocentrotus purpuratus"
/note="CyIIIb 5` flanking sequence"
protein_bind 813..836
/bound_moiety="SpHMG1"
/note="E1 element"
/evidence=mobility shift assays
/evidence=DNaseI footprinting
/citation=[2,4]
misc_signal 1706..1745
/standard_name=C1 element
/note="composed of C1L (1713-1721) and C1R"
/evidence=mobility shift assays
/citation=[2]
protein_bind 1726..1739
/bound_moiety="SpCOUP-TF"
/note="C1R element"
/evidence=mobility shift assays
/evidence=DNaseI footprinting
/citation=[2,3,7]
protein_bind 1726..1739
/bound_moiety="SpSHR2"
/note="C1R element"
/evidence=mobility shift assays
/evidence=DNaseI footprinting
/citation=[2,3,6]
protein_bind 2032..2076, 2120..2128
/note="B element, proximal promoter"
/evidence=mobility shift assays
/evidence=DNaseI footprinting
/citation=[2,3]
mRNA 2174..
ORIGIN
1 AAGCTTTATA AATATTCTCT ATTATTATTA TTAATGATGA CTTATCAGAA GTGATTATTA
61 GAAAGGAAAA GGGAATGTGT CAAAATAACA TAGGCACTTA TCAGAGGTGA AAAGGAGCGA
121 AAAGGAAAGG AAAGAACAGG AGGGGAAGGG GAGCTTTACA CAAGGAAGAG GGACACTTGT
181 CAAAGTATAA GAAGACATTT TTCCTATGAA AAAGGGGCAC TTTTCCTACC TAAATAAGGG
241 TACTTTAGGT GTACTTGTAA AAGTGGAAGG GGGCACTGTG TCCCCATCCC CTAAACAAAG
301 TTCAAAATCA AAGTTCCCTT CAAGTTAGGT ATATGTTTGT TGTAATGTTA AAATACATTG
361 TTTTGTGGTA AAATAACTCT TTTGTAATCA AAATTGCCTT CAAGCATATA TATCATACAT
421 ATATATTTAT TATACACGTA TATATTGGTA TGCACAGTGT CATGTTATAA TATATAACAA
481 TTCCGCTTTC AGGAATTTTC ATTCATTTGG TTTGTAGCTT CACAGATATA TGTATTTCAT
541 GCAAACCTCG CTCAAAATGA TAACTTTCTT GGAAAGCAGC AGCACGGGTG TAGCATATAC
601 ATTACAGAGA AGGGAAATGT GTATTCGGTA GGGAAAGTAT TTCGAGGAAC ATGGGTCCTT
661 ACATGGGATA TAATGGGCTC GTAGCTTCTT CCCTCAGATC GTCTTTTACA CTCGAATTC
721 CTTCTGTTAA GAAAACAAAC TTTCATTAGA ATAATGTTAT CAATATTGTA TTATAATTCT
781 ATTATAATTG TATTTGCCCT ATTATTTAAG AACTTTAGGT AAAGCCCCTG CTGACATCAA
841 ACAAACCCAC ACACACACAC AGACAGACAC ACACACACGC ACACACATAA AAGACTAAAC
901 AAGGAAAAAC AGGCCACCAG TATGTGCGTA TGTCTGCATG TGTGCTTGTG TGTAGTGTGG
961 GGGGGGGGGC TAGCACACGA TGTTTGTGCT TTTGGTAATT GCCTGGGTAC TTATTAATTA
1021 AGATATATTT CAAAACAAAT TGTGTAAAAA AAAAAACACC TTCGTTTATA CAACACGGTC
1081 ACTTCACCGA ATTTATTATA CCGCGTATTT AATTCACGGT GGAAACAAAT ATACATTATG
1141 AGTTACGCAC TGTCCTCCGT TGTAACGACT GACTTGTATT TGTTTAATTT TTTTAAAAAT
1201 CTATTTATTT ATTTATATAT ATTTTTACTG GCACACAAGA TCAGAAATAA ATCTGTTTCG
1261 CATCTTGGAC ATGGTATTAA AAGCATCATA TAAAAAGTAG TAACAATAAC AAAGCAAAAT
1321 ACACAATACA TCATAATAAT ACAAAATATG GTAGCATAAC AATTCAAGGC CAGTTACCAA
1381 AAATAACTTA AGAGTAGGTG ATAAAAGGAA GAAACTAAGG ATGTGAAAGG AAAAGATGGA
1441 AGAGAATATA ATAACAACAA AGAACAACAC AAGAGAAGGT GATAGAAGGA AGAAACAAAG
1501 GATAGCGTAA GGAAAGATAG AAATAAAATA TAATAAAAAC AAGAATGATA TAAAAGAAGG
1561 GGATAGAATG AAAAACAAGA ATAACATAAA GAAAGATAGA CGGAAGAGAA GATGAAAGGT
1621 GGAAAAACAA AGAATAATAT AAGAAAAACA GATAGACTGA TAAAAAGTGA AACAAACTAT
1681 TGCATAAGAT CAGGCACTCT ATTCGGTTAT TTGGCGCGAA ACATTTGACC CGCTGACCTT
1741 TGCTACCTCA GCAACATGCA GCGGTCTAGC TCGTTCTGCA CGCTCTACAT GGCAACAAGA
1801 TCCCGTCTAG CTTGTGAGTG TGATCATAAA CGAAGCGTAC CTCTGAAGCG ATCGAGTGGA
1861 TCGGCCATGC CTAGATCGGT TTAAAAAGGG AGTAAGAACG GGGTGACCTC TTGGGTGTTT
1921 ATGAGCCGCG AAGCATTTCT AAAAATGCCT TACCGTCAGT CATCTTTTTT TTCATAAATA
1981 ATTGAACAGT GTAAAATAAC ATCCTTTACG ATAAGCACCG AATCTCATTT GCATATTCTT
2041 TTCAATGCAT TCCTTATCTG CCCTGATTCG TACAATGCGT CTAAATTTTC TCCTTATTTG
2101 GTCAAAAACT CTGGACATAA CTCTCGCTTG GGGATCTATG TCCAGGGAAG GGTAGTGCAT
2161 TCATTGGTCC CAAT
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