Endo16

Function

Endo16 is the early vegetal plate marker.
Endo16 protein may be an adhesion molecule, involved in the gastrulation of the embryo (Nocente-McGrath et al., 1989).
Endo16 is a single copy gene (Godin et al., 1996).

Protein

Endo16 gene codes for a cell surface glycoprotein that is secreted by the cells of midgut with a high molecular weight of about 180 to >300 kDa.
This protein has no significant similarities with any other known sequences (Nocente-McGrath C et al., 1989).
It is a large multidomain protein containing a putative signal sequence at its amino terminus which is followed by a cysteine-rich region, two potential heparin-binding regions, an acidic domain of 5 clustered repeats, an RGD cell binding motif and a group of 12 additional acidic repeats (Soltysik-Espanola et al., 1994).
SWISS_PROT: P13665

Subcellular location

In 18h embryos the staining of Endo16 mRNA is clearly restricted to the cytoplasm of the vegetal plate cells.
At midgastrula stage Endo16 protein is localized to the surface of endodermal cells of the archenteron and secondary mesenchyme cells (Nocente-McGrath et al., 1989).

Expression Pattern

mRNA level

Temporal accumulation
Method: Nothern blot hybridization
Reference: Nocente-McGrath et al., 1989, Ransick et al., 1993

Stage Egg Morula Hatched blastula Mesenchyme blastula Gastrula Late pluteus

Level - - + + + +
The transcript increases in abundance by the mesenchyme blastula stage, continues to increase during gastrulation and declines in abundance by the time the formation of the pluteus larva is complete.

Spatial localization
Method: in situ hybridization
Reference: Nocente-McGrath et al., 1989, Ransick et al., 1993

Stage 18-20 hr hatched blastula 28-30 hr mesenchyme blastula 36-48 hr gastrula 60 hr 72-90 hr

Tissue Vegetal plate Vegetal plate All cells of archenteron Mid- and hindgut Stomach

Endo16 is expressed by all veg2 tier derivatives while they are a part of the vegetal plate.

Sequences

GenBank:

Regulatory Regions

5`regulatory region

Regulatory Connections

Upstream Genes

SpGCF1 SpOtx

Endo16

Downstream Genes

Evolutionary homologues

Bibliography

UrchiNet

Search the GeNet

Stage	Egg	Morula	Hatched blastula	Mesenchyme blastula	Gastrula	Late pluteus
Level	-	-	+	+	+	+

Stage	18-20 hr hatched blastula	28-30 hr mesenchyme blastula	36-48 hr gastrula	60 hr	72-90 hr
Tissue	Vegetal plate	Vegetal plate	All cells of archenteron	Mid- and hindgut	Stomach

Endo16

Function

Protein

Subcellular location

Expression Pattern

Sequences

Regulatory Regions

Regulatory Connections

Upstream Genes

Endo16

Downstream Genes

Evolutionary homologues

Links

Bibliography